heart failure
Clinical teaching and practical ideas for your next study session.
Medical Education
HFpEF in Primary Care: Why a Normal EF Does Not Settle Dyspnea
A preserved ejection fraction and a familiar risk profile can suggest HFpEF, but neither establishes it. Learn how to assess filling pressures, interpret resting tests, and decide what to do when results disagree.
Study Tips
When Dyspnea Persists: A Board-Ready COPD–Heart Failure Fluid and Steroid Framework
A board-ready framework for persistent dyspnea after admission: distinguish congestion from hypoperfusion, choose fluids or diuresis deliberately, and manage short-course steroids safely.